فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 21، تابستان 1395)

The cities always were the focal point for growth and development. Understanding and exploring the city’s economy are necessary for all levels of planning. The shift-share is one of the main techniques for analyzing the regional economy. This technique has ability for exploreing the changes in employments either in national or local level in all economic activities. This article wants to investigate the employment changes during the 2006 til 2012. The data gathered form national statistic centre. The results showed that in the state level about 205865 people added to total employments in which the industry, finance and insurance and the real state were active sectors which absorbed 45, 35, 13 and 10 percent of all employees. During the study period, Tabriz, Maragheh, Marand and Ahar absorbd 77.3, 6.7, 5.3 and 4.7 percent of total employees. In the study period the industry sector among the counties except the Tabriz and Ahar had faced with stagnancy.

Spatial justice is a focal point in the field of urban facilities planning, and a branch of social justice, in which neighborhood's status, in terms of distribution of services and and the enjoyment of various economic, social and infrastructure indicators, are examined. In this paper, spatial justice in distribution of urban services in 18 neighborhoods of Tehran's 6th district was studied. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In a way that at first, using VIKOR model, we analyzed the distribution of services in neighborhoods. Then, in order to evaluate the urban management in distribution of services, SPSS statistical tests were used. The results of vikor model show an unfair distribution of services at the neighborhoods of 6th district. Argentina-Saaee, and Vali Asr Square neighborhood, with the score of (0.069) and (0.083) enjoyed better services; and Jannat-Roftegar, and Fatemi neighborhoods with score (1) and (0.863), had the weakest service distribution. Findings showed citizen dissatisfaction from service distribution. In a way that Keshawarz and Qezel-Qale had the highest and lowest level of satisfaction in case of distribution of services. The reason for this can be found in the lack of participating the citizens, having non-defined neighborhood usages in the civil management system of Iran, the lack or decline of infrastructure facilities, and services and the unclear status of councils -as a link between citizens and civil managers. These are the important factors, intensifying the inequality between neighborhoods. As urban management is the main axle of services distribution among neighborhoods, it can play a better role in the distribution of services, with acquiring knowledge of how the way of services distribution in the neighborhoods, and citizen satisfaction level of that distribution.

Dominat topography and geomorphological conditions of mountainous regions, couses certain constraints for the physical-skeletal development of rural areas, attentioning to which, is essential in proper rural management and development. Accordingly, purpose of this research was to analyze the challenges of physical-skeletal development in the mountainous villages of Kamyaran County. The present research enjoys a descriptive-analytic method, that has used of documental and field studies. Statistical population of the research includes the mountainous villages located in this township. This sample included villages with at least 100 resident families. Accordingly, 22 villages have been surveyed, that regarding the number of families living in these villages -using the Cochran Formula- totally 355 families were defined as sample families to complete the questionnaires. Also, in every village, at least 3 people, including local experts, members of the Islamic Council or the Village Administrator, have been considered to complete the questionnaires. Data analysis was done through analytic hierarchy process (AHP), as well as statistical and spatial analyses, using Expert Choice, ArcGIS and SPSS softwares. Results indicate that the severity of the physical-skeletal challenges of development in villages under study has significant difference. Also, according to the results of multivariate regression analysis, the "road network" with a coefficient of 0/1761, and "Environmental Health" with a coefficient of 0/0160, have the highest and the lowest level of effectiveness on the occurrence and intensification of physical-skeletal challenges, respectively.

The rapid growth of the urban population, has created issues and problems -including air pollution, unemployment, inharmonious development and etc- for cities. Planners of urban affairs, believe that creating new towns is one of the ways to solve the problems of urban areas. But these new towns, have not so far met the existent expectations, and one of the reasons for not meeting these needs, is lack of employment opportunities for the residents of these cities. Iranian new towns are mainly dependent on the metropolises, and mostly play a dormitory role. Residents of these towns are usually working in metropolises and surrounding cities. The purpose of this study is analyzing employment situation in the new town of Baharestan. The research method in this paper is descriptive–analytical and is based on the library and field data. To measure the research variables, we used questionnaires, also the data of comprehensive-detailed plan of Baharestan town. And for data analysis Eta-squared test, linear regression and etc were used. Results show that there is no significant relationship between employment in agriculture and industry part, and the size of Baharestan city, but we observed a meaningful relationship between the size of the city and employment in the part of services. While, those residents, employed in Baharestan, felt more professional satisfaction, than those ressidents, employed out of Baharestan. Also, results show that Baharestan new town has not been successful in creating occupation.

One of the most important government projects and programs within the organization and development of villages, Rural Master Plan is prepared and aimed at rural development, provide reasonable, and welfare and public services; networking, etc. has been organized. So today an important role in improving the viability of rural areas-economic aspects, social and physical location, standard of living and quality of life satisfaction to be followed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of projects on the viability of local communities in the rural areas of Gilvan villages and Chavarzaq (in Abhar city) is. Visna cross-sectional study in which the combination library and a questionnaire survey were conducted. The population in the 16 villages of two districts in their Gilvan and Chavarzaq that the plans are implemented. According to Cochran's formula the sample size of 141 households that were distributed randomly. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (t single sample and multiple regression) and for the rural areas in terms of the spatial distribution of VIKOR is used. The findings showed that the mean effects of Guide Plan in the viability of rural areas in the study area on the lower level of average (3). So that the one-sample t test, it confirms the negative form displays the difference between the utility. Furthermore, regression analysis shows that the most effective in terms of livability guide projects on the rural communities is a physical dimension. Analysis of distribution space within the city studied villages in six dimensions represents a significant difference in the study area is large. The village Jia and Tshvyr with the (0) and (0/13), the highest rank and the village clean and Jvrzgan the amount of (0/95) and (0/79) with the lowest rank in terms of the environment in between the villages within the area under study.

Drought phenomenon is one of the environmental hazards, having long been particularly considered as one of the 20th century scientific facts. This climate phenomenon is different than other phenomenon and hazards, due to its being crawling, continuous, inevitable, and having gradual effects. Our especial geographical location of Iran on the dry belt of Earth, especially our studied region, provides conditions for the occurrence of this phenomenon, more and more. This research has worked on checking and detecting hydrological drought in the Lenjan Township, using surface water supply index (SWSI), then, effects of this phenomenon on agriculture sections have been evaluated. Data Analysis Method is statistical relationship analysis. Results showed that in the study period (2001-2012), drought conditions with 42% occurrence probability in total, have the most occurrence probability. Estimation results of SWSI index for revealing area drought, show that, there have been only two normal years, and other years being in hydrological drought situations. The outcomes of the Mann-Kendall test in routing agricultural products changes, show that production level and acreage level of garden products have enjoyed a rising trend, while their operation rates have enjoyed decreasing trends. A decreasing trend is also yielded in production, acreage level, and operational performance of crop production in the area. Among all agricultural products, only rice has an increasing trend in production and acreage levels.